N. Levashov's «SvetL Broom» in A. Khatybov's «Bath School» Book 3. The Cell and Health

F. Shkrudnev N. Levashov's "SvetL Broom" in A. Khatybov's "Bath School" and A Labour Spade 23 So, what is the essence of the "chemical evolution", according to Oparin? Reconstruction of the conditions that existed on the Earth shows that about 4 billion years ago the so-called primary atmosphere was formed containing methane, ammonia and, possibly, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulphide. From the simplest inorganic compounds there began to form more complex: formaldehydes, formamides, etc. Sources of energy for chemical transformations could serve the "sun", cosmic radiation, radiation of radioactive rocks of the Earth, electric discharges in the atmosphere, collisions with meteorites, volcanic processes. As a result of further synthesis, four nucleotides (adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine), proteins and other "biomolecules" needed by the cell evolved. At the next stage of evolution there appeared a mechanism of reproduction, more precisely, replication (self-copying), through which the nucleic acid could create an exact copy of itself. The interaction between the nucleic acids that have arisen and proteins eventually led to the emergence of a genetic code. Later, protocells were formed – distant ancestors of modern cells. The first cells were heterotrophies, they could not reproduce their components on their own and received them from the “broth”. But over time, many compounds began to disappear from the "broth", and the cells were forced to reproduce them on their own. So the cells evolved THEIR OWN METABOLISM for independent reproduction. Thanks to the process of natural selection, all the animal and plant organisms that exist on the Earth have emerged from these first cells. Here is a brief "stages of the long way" of "chemical evolution", which "modern science" adheres to. The main proof of this scenario was an experiment conducted in 1953 by American chemist Stanley Miller. He created an apparatus that reproduced the atmosphere presumably existing on the ancient Earth, and a special device simulated lightning – discharges of about 60 thousand volts. A week later, the apparatus received a mash of random compounds, among which were found the simplest amino acids – glycine and alanine. The solution of the origin of life seemed to be very close. But the mystery of reproduction and self-reproduction still remains the process posing a new insoluble question – "What is primary: a chicken or an egg"?