BOOK 2. THE BATH SCHOOL. N. LEVASHOV'S «SVETL BROOM» IN A. KHATYBOV'S «BATH SCHOOL» AND A LABOUR SPADE

Book 2. The Bath School. Chapter 4. Theory and practice in the description of the Object to be taken to the Bath Description of the object to be taken to the Bath 210 The lungs, by virtue of their elasticity, tend to move away from the chest wall, as a result of which a partial vacuum is created in the chest cavity. With inflammation of the pleura, its epithelium secretes fluid that accumulates in the cavity between the lung and thorax. This condition is called pleurisy. In case of severe tuberculosis, sometimes it is necessary to cause an abate in one lung to provide some rest to infected tissues. This is achieved by piercing the chest wall and letting sterile air into the chest cavity. As a result, the lung abates due to its own elasticity. Mechanics of the breathing process It is necessary to clearly distinguish breathing as one of the basic vital functions, that is, the gas exchange between the cell and the environment, which consists of three phases : the external respiration, transfer of gases by blood and the internal respiration. External respiration is a mechanical process of filling the lungs with air (inhaling) and pushing this air outward (exhaling). Since the blood of the pulmonary capillaries continuously removes oxygen from the alveolar air and gives carbon dioxide instead, the need to change air in the lungs is obvious. In Man, the cycle of breathing, consisting of inhalation and exhalation, is REPEATED 15-18 TIMES A MINUTE. InMan and other mammals, the structure and interposition of the ribs, chest muscles and diaphragm provide greater mobility of these elements, which allows arbitrarily increasing or decreasing the volume of the chest cavity. When it needs to be increased (inhaling), the intercostal muscles contract, pulling the front ends of the ribs up and forward; such movement is possible due to the "hinged" connection of the ribs with the spine. At the same time, the diaphragm forming the bottom of the thoracic cavity contracts and becomes less convex in its upper part, which also increases the cavity. Since the space of the chest cavity is closed, this increase in volume brings to some decrease in pressure in the lungs, and when the pressure drops below atmospheric, the outside air rushes through trachea, bronchi, alveolar sacs and alveoli. When exhaled, air is pushed out of the lungs due to the elasticity of the lungs and the weight of the chest walls (as debtors in the casino). During inhalation, the lungs, as they are filled with air, are stretched. After relaxation of the intercostal muscles, the ribs get the chance to return to their initial position, and the simultaneous relaxation of the diaphragm