N. Levashov's «SvetL Broom» in A. Khatybov's «Bath School» Book 3. The Cell and Health

Book 3. The Cell and Health. Chapter 5. They drink drugs to health 298 single layer of flat or cubic epithelial 53 cells. During the passage of the filtrate, these cells absorb (reabsorb) a significant part of the water and virtually all of the glucose, all the amino acids and other substances needed by the body, and secrete them back into the blood flow. The way of blood in the kidneys is different from its way in all other organs. In order to get from the renal artery to the renal vein, the blood must pass through two capillary systems. Only thanks to this, the kidney is able to excrete urine and regulate the blood composition. If water consumption is limited, the tubule cells absorb the maximum amount of water, keeping it for the body, and a little concentrated urine is excreted. The cells of the renal tubules not only remove substances from the filtrate and return them to the blood, but also excrete additional amounts of unnecessary materials from the blood into the filtrate. In humans, when the blood and, consequently, the filtration pressure falls below a certain level, the filtration stops, but the urine is still formed by the drip secretion. When the liquid reaches the end of the distal convoluted tubule and some substances from it are reabsorbed, and others are added to it, the conversion of the glomerular filtrate into the urine ends. The amount of excreted urine DEPENDS NOT ONLY ON THE CONSUMPTION OF THE LIQUID , but also on the amount of salts and other solids to be removed from the blood. When the food is too salty, the kidneys have to excrete a correspondingly larger amount of salt, in order to maintain the osmotic blood pressure at the proper level, and therefore the volume of urine increases. Since the solids excreted are dissolved in urine, more water is required to excrete them in increased amounts. That's why the word diabetes means just "going through». With diabetus mellitus , (where mellitus means "sweet", indicating the presence of sugar), one of the main signs of which is the presence of sugar in the urine (also characterized by copious urination), the pathological condition of the pancreas leads to a decrease in the amount of insulin formed, and, therefore, to a violation of carbohydrate metabolism and to an increased concentration of glucose in the blood and urine). The volume of urine is regulated by another way – the so-called antidiuretic hormone secreted by the brain (the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland) and controlling the rate of reverse absorption of water in the 53 Epithelial tissue – a layer of cells lining the surface (epidermis) of body cavities, as well as mucous membranes of internal organs, digestive tract, respiratory system, genitourinary tract. In addition, it forms the majority of the body's glands.