BOOK 2. THE BATH SCHOOL. N. LEVASHOV'S «SVETL BROOM» IN A. KHATYBOV'S «BATH SCHOOL» AND A LABOUR SPADE

Book 2. The Bath School. Chapter 6. About Reason, Consciousness and Matter, or "how to dig with the spade of Knowledge" 294 categories of Matter, just as Matter in its development can reach the level of Reason. The development of Consciousness and Reason is not something that can be described with the help of religious dogmas, esoteric speculation or the fascinating psychological delights of Dr. Freud and his talented followers. The followers, of course, tried, "each in his own way", in order to outdo the grandfather, but in the majority they did not go too far. Particularly noteworthy in this respect is the "remarkable" theory of behaviorism, 29 put forward and actively promoted by his American followers, led by its founder, John Watson. According to this theory, all human behavior is easily explained by the same mechanisms that shape animals behavior, and in fact – reflexes that are hardly distinguishable from the reflexes of the unfortunate wards of Dr. Pavlov. The philosophical basis of behaviorism is the concept of John Locke of the birth of a human out of a pure leaf – Tabula rasa , and the non-recognition of the existence of the thinking substance of Thomas Hobbes. John Broades Watson proposed a scheme explaining the behavior of Man and other living things: S ® R – the stimulus triggers a reaction. The stimulus and reaction were measurable, so this approach was not questioned a lot. Watson believed that with the proper approach it would be possible to fully predict the behavior, control and shape through the changing environment of people of the necessary professions, regardless of their Consciousness. The mechanism of these influences was training through classical conditioning, studied in detail on animals by Pavlov. Human behavior was often studied by these "remarkable people" on animals, and therefore it should not be surprising that the methods of achieving their goals by Americans often lie in the mainstream of all the same animal instincts. But all this is not so interesting, and therefore we provide them to themselves, everyone gets what one deserves. 29 Behaviorism is a direction in psychology that rejected both consciousness and the unconscious as objects of scientific research and reduces the psyche to various forms of behavior understood as a set of reactions of the organism to stimuli of the external environment.